Face the DFC of collateral project and DTC differentiate and analyse
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source:TRIANA CNC Machining
Content summary: The article design to facing cost (Design For Cost) and design by charge (Design To Cost) the thought undertook an analysis, point out the different point of DFC and DTC basically depends on: DFC is method of a kind of design, DTC belongs to administrative method greatly; DFC applies all sorts of methods actively to reduce the cost of the product, and DTC is to obtain to satisfy given the design that target cost accords with an user to ask. Both same point basically reflects the complete lifecycle cost that considering a product from design proceed with. From both spend to the heavy visual range of cost, look orderly to the improve and arises time of the design, can say DFC is the further progress of DTC. Keyword: Collateral project, design by charge (DTC, Design To Cost) , the design that faces cost (DFC, Design For Cost) 0, foreword is in current period, collateral project is the heat of research all the time, there are a lot of tasks in the DFX domain of amid, be like: Face production design (DFM, Design For Manufacturing) , face constructional design (DFA, Design For Assembly) etc, encountered two very similar ideas however when people changes the look to cost, namely DTC (Design To Cost) with DFC (Design For Cost) , some investigator will be both promiscuous, the article place from both similarities and differences undertook an analysis, the research that the hope designs to running paralell goes to beneficial effect since the job. 1, design by charge (DTC, Design To Cost) 1, the concept of DTC: The means of Design To Cost according to given cost index undertakes designing, abbreviation " design by charge " [5] , it can be written again for Design To Life Cycle Cost [1] . It is the idea that abroad advances in 70 time metaphase, those who ask the design in project system develops lieutenant general cost is affirmatory label coequal and important parameter to consider with technology, function and project plan. To get reasonable complete lifecycle cost (LCC, Life Cycle Cost) design, reasonable cost goal ought to define on the foundation of reliable model and experience, make design personnel to produce dynamic effect, make the design achieves expectant cost goal as a result. 2, the basic principle of DTC: (1) in development of project system development, should charge (cost) serve as to be mixed with technology, function, plan the parameter with can safeguard the requirement such as the gender to label coequal and important gives affirmatory; (2) the requirement considers cost issue inside all lifecycle of project project; (3) produce and use reliably certainly, the DTC parameter of safeguard (if the unit produces cost) , make these parameter and plan, function, can maintain the optimal balance with be reached proper between the parameter such as the gender; (4) the seasonable communication that ensures to the project design and technical personnel have cost news and feedback, so that adopt relevant control measure effectively; 3, the problem that executive DTC should note: (1) the key that achieves DTC goal is flexibility, ought to allow to design personnel freedom to the ground chooses and decide technical configuration when the design namely, will satisfy job requirement. (2) the task that executive DTC is a many course, it involves each functional fields, because this ought to use systematic project theory,the organization is carried out. (3) the target of DTC is worth ought to appropriate, namely it should be achieved, but also cannot achieve easily. If should look demarcate must be achieved too easily, cannot bring design personnel into play to pass the initiative that to the technology requirement, concept chooses and the close check of design, producer proposal reduces cost. Such likelihoods develop the product with an one can better individual character, but not be cost however - efficiency first-rate design. Conversely, if the target is decided too high, achieve hard, cannot arouse the enthusiasm that designs a section as much. (4) achieve DTC goal to assure, provision of relevant rewards and punishment ought to set in the contract, exceed booked target to be worth be punished, the be rewarded when achieve or be worth under DTC target, aroused the enthusiasm that develops a branch so. 4, the program that designs by charge: Graph the 1 programme diagram that designs by charge shows a picture 1 in the point is: (1) build design assignment certificate, cost of reasonable and firm objective is worth. (2) in distributing cost index subsystem, component and part, compare the estimation value of subsystem cost and desired value, identify the part of high cost. (3) offer target cost information, production information, trade news to wait to the architect. (4) prepare initial design together with product cost engineer, examine design and cost, consider reasonable eclectic. (5) newest material and workmanship should consider in detailed design, the plot that finishs component together with product engineer works. (6) target cost is offerred to create branch and purchase department in make. (7) the requirement that makes impossibly design plan to satisfy cost index commonly, because this needs for many times,undertake the reapportion of cost or change a design. Design method and administrative technology by what charge designs, offerred target cost for the architect, can tell an architect him at least so when can break down, it is accordingly incentive the architect pursuit to functional requirement and cost target, make the development of project system saved many cost, effects of law of this one party is used in aviation industry apparent. For example: The F-16 battleplan that the United States designs, because used the method that devises by charge, regard coequal and as main as function factor as cost from plan design phase. Devise plan through comparing all sorts of awaiting carefully to choose, chose a dimension finally light, structure mixes small, weight simply the low cost program with technical little risk. According to the analysis, if the design of F-16 does not use this method, be about to cost the complete lifecycle cost of 4.2 billion dollar more. The design of F-16 provided the performance that accords with a requirement already, assured inferior cost again, f-16 and other battleplan are compared, development cost and complete lifecycle cost are inferior, the type is the same as in international lead position is in in battleplan [6] . 2, the design that faces cost (DFC, Design For Cost) 1, the concept of DFC: The means of Design For Cost faces the design of cost, it appears the earliest at 90 time initial stage, the DFX in belonging to collateral project (Design For X) a branch of the technology. The design that faces cost is to show the premise that satisfying user requirement falls, reduce cost as far as possible, make process and the sale related its through analyse and researching a product, use, maintenance, reclaim, discard as useless wait for a product the cost of each parts in complete lifecycle comprises a circumstance, after hand-in-hand travel is evaluated, undertake modification to the exorbitant charge share of product cost is being affected in original design, the design method that reduces cost in order to achieve [8] . DFC regards a crucial parameter of the design as cost, provide the supportive tool of cost of analysis, evaluation for the architect. 2, the crucial technology of DFC: (1) the model of complete lifecycle cost that is based on collateral project: This model must corresponding estimation can undertake to cost in the different design phase of the product. (2) target cost decides really: Returning the method with accurate lack to undertake deciding to target cost at present, actual in it is the element such as requirement of consideration market, profit, plant and production lot commonly, use historical data to undertake deciding. (3) with other DFX tool compositive: Because DFC faces product complete lifecycle, this is about to beg it must can with other DFX (be like: DFM, DFA) the tool is harmonious and consistent have the job, need to establish the harmonious principle of different assessment standard and method namely. (4) the design evaluates as a result and improve those who design a proposal to generate: Need of this one job undertakes below the support of other DFX technology, cannot consider cost only namely an element, and the evaluation basis that considers other evaluation module even integratedly to offer, ability generates reasonable design to suggest. (5) cost estimation method: Different estimation method produces different result likely, how to decide estimation method is the problem that deserves research reasonably. It is generally speaking in collateral project, the whole level of the information that produces as a result of different design phase place is different, uses cost estimation method is different also, for example: In the initial stage of the design, can use parameter to change the estimation method, method such as nerve network; In detailed design phase, can use the manual estimation method, method such as detailed estimation. And, of accident of lifecycle of type of production lot, product, product the element that when choosing estimation method, differring also is need consideration, at the same time place choosing method should be agile use easily, reliable and accurate. 3, the executive process of DFC: DFC serves as a tool of collateral project, need to make an assessment ceaselessly to designing a result in collateral design. As a result of the different level that designing, provides information content is different, its are detailed level is different also, because this is in,the method that when different level DFC is evaluating design program, uses is different, and the main target of the evaluation also is change, for example: In notional design phase basically be right principle plan undertakes evaluating; In detailed design phase advocate if be opposite,product structure respect undertakes evaluating. Not be get sth done once and for ever to the evaluation of the design is in in DFC, it is as the change of the design however when need till,undertake ceaselessly when satisfaction till. 3, DTC and DFC differentiate and analyse 1, through comparing the connotation of DFC and DTC and characteristic, can discover both and main the different place that has as follows: (1) DFC is the complete lifecycle cost that uses all sorts of significant steps to drop a product conciously; DTC is right a project undertakes the expenditure till the project and place agree to the budget designing repeatedly. (2) DFC seeks the performance that improves a product in reducing cost; Below the condition that assures necessary function, DTC can reduce function to satisfy appropriately estimated requirement. (3) DFC is seeking the according to the user requirement in the process that reduces cost to reduce cost as far as possible, can exceed the level that the user asks sometimes; DTC reduces the level that makes an user satisfactory commonly when reducing cost can, cost of this one cost has certain random sex. (4) the process that the process of DFC is drive of a project; DTC is a course that runs drive. (5) the estimation that DFC supports a tool to realize complete lifecycle cost through the computer in designing a process and evaluation, make products plan succeeds as far as possible; DTC is undertake in relapse design and distribution cost give a budget till contented place, design that does not emphasize a product is successful, can produce rework cost. (6) the use that DFC reduces an user through going after the product that designs high quality and maintain cost, make the product is in complete lifecycle cost is the smallest change; DTC assures product quality through quality inspection, this use to reducing an user and maintaining cost sense is not big. (7) DFC goes after what product and product carry a process to simplify (complex meeting raises cost) ; DTC basically undertakes administrative to cost, now and then involve project process. (8) DFC is the design method that faces an architect; DTC is to face the user demand to cost directly, set what have cost for guidance to drop the job with the contract. (9) look from the domain of research, the research field of DTC is more more extensive than DFC, include cost and design not only, still have supply purchase, partner choice and contract are signed wait for a respect. 2, a few similar places also exist between DFC and DTC: (1) the issue of complete lifecycle cost of both consideration product, consider the production cost of the product not only namely, and inspect a product to be in even sale, use, the cost in discard as useless and reclaiming; (2) both reduces product cost from design respect proceed with; (3) what both seeks complete lifecycle cost is the smallest change; (4) both uses a group to work (Teamwork) means, the personnel that organizes relevant domain works in coordination. (5) both serve as cost in the design with function, plan and the parameter with can safeguard the requirement such as the gender to label coequal and important. Anyhow, DTC and DFC are put in certain same part, but both there is bigger difference in the respect such as ultimate goal and processing technique. The target of DTC is to be below the condition such as particular function, technology, function, control cost to ask in order to satisfy a client, it has the control of cost in design and managing, had formed relatively systematic theory and method, had obtained favorable result in practice; The target of DFC is the performance/price ratio that faces an architect best, those who seek complete lifecycle cost is the smallest change, it is a tool in collateral project, still doing not have the system that forms system, maturity in development at present. DTC photograph takes the management in reducing cost seriously more to DFC working respect, but reducing product cost to pass management is not easy success, and designing a domain in the project come true easily, namely DFC is reducing product cost respect to have an advantage more than DTC. Graph 2 DFC and DTC relation sketch map 4, the analysis that conclusion passes pair of DFC and DTC, we discover this is both already distinction also has connection, its relation can be shown 2 times like the graph, DFX includes in the research domain of collateral design, include DFC again in the research domain of DFX, DTC and DFC are existing same point, but strictly speaking DTC does not belong to collateral design. The place on put together is narrated, be necessary to distinguish in the research of collateral project the different characteristic of DFC and DTC, the research that begins DFC and DTC respectively in the light of different research goal works. If from both spend to the heavy visual range of cost, to the design improve look on respect and the time order that be born, can say DFC is the further progress of DTC. CNC Milling