Cutting machines the current situation of cooling method and development

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Taylor discovers water pouring to cutting area, can raise cutting rate, eliminate to cut bits. The demand that machines quality to metallic cutting as people rises ceaselessly, people is used again move vegetable oil to regard cutting as fluid. It can form firmer adsorptive film in metallic surface, reduce workpiece surface surface roughness. But it is easy oxidation is degenerative, term of service is short. People tries to will adipose oil follows mineral oil sophisticate and form a kind of miscella in practice gradually. Later, the blame that contains the organic compound such as sulfur, chloric, phosphor and other additive is extremely active press oil and active extremely the emerge as the times require that press oil. They and metal have chemical reaction, form the solid lubricating film of high melting point, low shear strength, raised cutting fluid to reduce attrition and the capacity that fight agglomeration below high temperature, high pressure. As cutting speed and cutting temperature rise ceaselessly, fluid of oil radical cutting cannot satisfy cutting requirement completely, at this moment the good point that people begins to take water seriously to cool again, rise the cool performance union of oily lubricant function and water, made the application of emulsion. Developed synthesis and fluid of half synthesis cutting again now (namely emulsion) , and fashioned series product respectively. In recent years, people devotes oneself to the development of fluid of low pollution cutting and development again, in order to reduce the harm of cutting waste liquid to the environment. What should point out is, recipes of any fluid of a kind of cutting, be opposite almost more or less the environment is harmful. Although adopt processing to using the waste liquid after, still also put in the material with certain harmful to the environment content. The sort about cutting fluid and choose a method, already much material and document offer reference, here no longer give uncecessary details. The action of 2 traditional and cooling means and fluid of blemish 1) cutting are added note direction to be opposite of the influence cutting fluid of cooling effect add note direction to basically affect cutting fluid whether infiltrate cutting area adequately. In actual production, face of the knife before general much Xiang Dao provides handlers is added note (place of 1(a) seeing a picture shows) , such is helpful for that reduce cutting resistance, but side of the knife before cutting fluid arrives hard sometimes is violent the place of attrition, because this arose from hind knife face adds the method that note (place of 1(b) seeing a picture shows) , such, what as cutting tool advancement causes is low-pressure, cutting fluid enters the osculatory place of cutting easily. (A) is common and pouring law (face of the knife after A) is pouring the law pursues a few kinds of 1 cutting tool note fluid means test to prove to be able to lengthen cutting tool so 50% even the life of 2 times. To planar grinding, a few handlers in producing practice often oversight grinding fluid is pouring directional action, the spray head of grinding fluid the setting becomes a figure 2 show the position. Because emery wheel high speed rotates,the gas flow resistance with huge generation hindered grinding fluid enters grinding area, bring about grinding process thereby " after the event " cooling, namely right now grinding fluid rectifies what temperature spends to reduce to workpiece only effective, and have any cooling effect scarcely to be in the workpiece temperature of grinding area. Graph of 2 planar grinding " after the event " fluid of cooling 2) cutting is added note means to reach its of fluid of cooling effect cutting add note means to also call feed flow the law, according to add note a principle to basically have the following kinds: · is common and pouring law method of this kind of feed flow basically is comprised by system of pump, pipeline, nozzle. Cutting fluid sends classics nozzle to irrigate cutting with constant velocity of flow, discharge by pump (grinding) area, after be being departed inside the container that cut bits, return feed flow case again. This method device is simple, aborning application is most wide. American J.

A.

Webster waited for more thorough research to the appearance of nozzle, position, discussed the nozzle appearance effect to velocity of flow from hydromechanical height, got a lot of beneficial verdict. Law of the refrigeration inside pressurization of · cutting tool its fundamental is two across hole is drilled on cutting tool, make cutting fluid is below pressure action, in the method that cutter hub interior circulates and cools, if pursue,3 are shown. Law of the refrigeration inside pressurization flows as a result of the high speed of cutting fluid, improved osmotic, make reach cutting area easily, because convective is strengthened,also improved cooling result significantly at the same time. The principle that the graph cools inside emery wheel of law of the refrigeration inside emery wheel of · of method of the refrigeration inside pressurization of 3 cutting tool (4) seeing a picture is introduce cutting juice emery wheel to wear the space between flange and emery wheel, rotating what make along with emery wheel the stoma that emery wheel interior passes below the action of the centrifugal force that creates reachs grinding arc area directly, have cooling, lubricant effect. Effect of this method refrigeration is distinct, but its defect also clearly: It asks emery wheel must have enough small opening, with benefit at transmitting cutting fluid. It asks cutting fluid must be passed filter very well, in case block the hole of emery wheel. The biggest obstacle that it popularizes depends on: Grinder stops when machine, the grinding fluid inside emery wheel issues assemble collect to stand by a side of the ground to emery wheel in gravitational action, when be started afresh, emery wheel will distributing because of grinding fluid not all and the prejudicial vibration with very large generation. This kind of vibration is very big to the harm of emery wheel and machine tool. The graph cools inside a kind of 4 typical emery wheel law of · manual feed flow uses device sketch map sauce boat, pen, wool is brushed wait for feed flow, in order to achieve cooling, lubricant goal. This method is common the manufacturing site that lubricates at needing without feed flow device to cool. Wait like bench drill. On put together, appropriate cutting fluid should be chosen to add according to particular case in cutting treatment note a method. As manufacturing development, also be sure to new feed flow law appears. 3) is current the function that because its are important,cutting fluid uses liquid of cutting of a few of existence negative issues, got applied widely in machining. Especially in recent years, a few advanced workmanship appear like what exceed high speed cutting, its use quantity is twice ground growth more. Meanwhile, its use also brings more and more negative issues as follows. The statistical data of a lot of companies that · added to make cost occupy Germany makes clear, the charge of use cutting fluid occupies the 7% ～ 17% of total production cost, and the 2% ～ that the charge that cutting tool spends holds production cost only 4% . Company of coating of American Baylers cutting tool also made the count of this respect, be cutting fluid as a result the 3 ～ that using up is cutting tool charge 4 times. · caused environmental problem to be in the working procedure with use cutting more juice, cutting fluid can pollute working environment, working area often is diffusing bigger peculiar smell. Cutting fluid is the main source that environmental pollution causes in machining. For example normally its oil content is as high as unsettled emulsion 20000mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) is as high as 9300mg/L, biology oxygen demand (BOD) amounts to 9300mg/L. In addition still contain many inferior the corrosion inhibiter such as amine of sodium nitrate, 3 alcohol and exterior activator. Be in our country, only the day discharge capacity of machinist job useless emulsion occupies not complete count close already 100 million tons, see the seriousness of its problem. · damaged worker health to be in cutting process, cutting fluid and human body are contacted directly, can cause a variety of skin disease even cancer, minatory or those who harming a worker is healthy. 3 be based on environmental protection " green " the probes development cutting process research of cooling method makes clear: The action such as bits of the refrigeration of cutting fluid tradition, lubricant, platoon is being machined did not get be developinged effectively in the process, because this people tries need not or use cutting liquid less, reduce cost in order to suit, reduce the demand that the environment pollutes. This is in the ascendant do not have cutting fluid technology less, among them with latter and arisen dry cutting (Dry Machining) technology is most conspicuous. The scientific import of dry cutting is in 1995 by formal establish. It is to point to in machining, mix for protective environment reduce cost and decrease conciously or of fluid of dead stop cutting use. Temperature of cutting muscularity, cutting is high the characteristic that is dry cutting, cutting tool whether overcome these adverse effects, it is the crucial place that dry cutting carries out smoothly. In the process, still can appear the problem that had not appeared in a lot of wet cutting, when the machine tool is designed, should grant mature. Although do cutting to still a lot of technology difficult problem remain to be solved further, but it is a kind of treatment method that has an outlook very much. The applied range that does cutting at present is narrower, and complete wet cutting has a lot of inadequacy again, be like both union, can satisfy treatment requirement already, the charge that can make be concerned with cutting fluid again falls lowest, interpose between dry cutting and wet cutting, this does cutting technology definitely namely. The quantity of the cutting liquid that uses as a result of it is least (Minimum Quantity Lubrication, or MQL) , system of cutting juice supply is consequently simple, volume is minor, cushy position. If American Thyessn company will be lubricant the system is compositive in main shaft electric machinery, its discharge by CNC programme controll, this unit is in 6.

Can get inside 5s time cut 10 8mm, center to be apart from the aperture that is 20mm, each hours use a cup of lubricating oil only, and be evaporated for the most part, content of juice of the cutting in cutting bits decreases greatly. Accordingly, processing fee drops considerably. A of technology of accurate dry cutting serious problem is least cutting fluid how much is the quantity, discussing deep at present in. Be in Japan, abundant field company develops a kind recently need not the grinding technology of cutting fluid, apply outside self-restrained CNC cylindrical grinder, accumulated actual application experience. This technology is with - the cutting fluid that the cold air of 30 ℃ replaces a tradition undertakes cooling. Technology of microtherm gas refrigeration is a kind of new technology that has an outlook very much, make clear according to the data: Microtherm gas refrigeration can eliminate metallographic change ideally, can improve the exterior integrality of workpiece. The relevant cost that it can reduce cutting fluid, reclaim cut bits and improvement work environment. To increase lubricant result, still furnished in shower nozzle place a few lube. This technology is the development below the setting that rises in world environment consciousness, will make the new trend that the product will develop henceforth undoubtedly. The place on put together is narrated, exploration is new-style and efficient and small to environmental pollution and even the cooling method of free from contamination already became manufacturing industry case to treat settlement difficult problem. Consider an issue apparently only from the angle of cutting fluid is insufficient apparently, must be known from the height that can develop continuously. Our country government takes environmental problem seriously very, formulate all sorts of code protect an environment, put forward to be able to develop the strategy continuously. To manufacturing industry character, the substance that can develop continuously is how utmost favourable geographical position uses resource and lowermost limit real estate to give birth to litter. As above, the negative issue of cutting fluid is to mix apparently idea of continued development is antipathetic, the environmental protection pressure that consequently manufacturing industry faces is greater and greater. New environmental protection " green " the research of workmanship is imperative, the exploration of new cooling method is serious with each passing day. CNC Milling